отчёт здесь.
Азербайджан на первом месте потому что начинается на А. Неужели всё надо перепроверять? (мы всего лишь в первой десятке. Спасибо Советский Союз. )
Details of the 2007 Top Ten World’s Worst Polluted
Places
(Sites Listed Alphabetically by Country )
Sumgayit, Azerbaijan
Potentially Affected People:275,000
Type of Pollutant: Organic chemicals, oil, heavy metals including mercury.
Source of Pollution: Petrochemical and Industrial Complexes
The Problem:
Sumgayit was a major Soviet industrial center housing more than 40 factories
manufacturing industrial and agricultural chemicals. These included synthetic
rubber, chlorine, aluminium, detergents, and pesticides. While the factories
remained fully operational, 70-120,000 tons of harmful emissions were released into
the air annually. With the emphasis placed on maximum, low-cost production at the
expense of environmental and occupational health and safety, industry has left the
city heavily contaminated. Factory workers and residents of the city have been
exposed to a combination of high-level occupational and environmental pollution
problems for several decades.
Untreated sewage and mercury-contaminated sludge (from chlor-alkali industries)
continue to be dumped haphazardly. A continuing lack of pollution controls, dated
technologies and the improper disposal and treatment of accumulated industrial
waste are just some of the issues that plague the city.
Health Impacts:
Sumgayit had one of the highest morbidity rates during the Soviet Era and the
legacy of illness and death persist. A study jointly conducted by the UNDP, WHO,
Azerbaijan Republic Ministry of Health and the University of Alberta demonstrated
that residents of Sumgayit experience intensely high levels of both cancer morbidity
and mortality. Cancer rates in Sumgayit are 22-51% higher than average incidence
rates in the rest of Azerbaijan. Mortality rates from cancer are 8% higher. Evidence
suggests that lower reported cancer rates are flawed as a result of underreporting.
A high percentage of babies are born premature, stillborn, and with genetic defects
like downs syndrome, anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, bone disease, and
mutations such as club feet, cleft palate, and additional digits.
Status of Clean-Up Activity:
The government of Azerbaijan has obtained international support for the economic
and environmental rehabilitation of the city from several United Nations
organizations, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and
the World Health Organization (WHO). The UNDP helped to create the Sumgayit
Centre for Environmental Rehabilitation (SCER) to research and prioritize the
environmental problems and propose programs to address them. A number of
environmental epidemiology courses were held in Baku to strengthen the c.city of
local experts.
In 2003, the World Bank launched a US $2.7 million project for the cleanup of a
chlorine producing plant where 1,566 tons of mercury were spilled, including the
construction of a secure landfill. Other international projects funded by UK and
J.n have also been implemented.
Reports indicate that only 20% of Soviet Era polluting factories are still operating and
there are ongoing debates about closure of the remaining number. However, even if
all the polluting industries are dealt with, there remains a significant legacy clean-up
challenge.
Resources:
J.E. Andruchow, C.L. Soskolne, F. Racioppi, et al. ”Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Industrial
City of Sumgayit, Azerbaijan”. Int J. Occupational Environmental Health. (2006). 12 (3). 234-241.
http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/IJOEH_1203_Andruchow.pdf.
J. W. Bickham, C. W. Matson, A. Islamzadeh, et al. ”Editorial: The unknown environmental tragedy in
Sumgayit, Azerbaijan” Ecotoxicology, (2003). 12, 505-508.
”The State of Environment. Azerbaijan.” Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic
of Azerbaijan. http://www.eco.gov.az/v2.1/az/Azerbaijan/Eco_En.htm
Azerbaijan Country Environmental Analysis. ADB. (2006) Jan.
http://www.asiandevbank.org/Documents/Stud...-Environmental-
Analysis/2005/AZE/chap3.pdf#search=%22SUMGAYIT%20AZERBAIJAN%20remediation%202006%
22
Andruchow, James Edward. Epidemiology Program, Department of Public Health Sciences,
University of Alberta, January, 2003.
http://www.phs.ualberta.ca/staff/soskolne/...fA-Lodged-Jan6- 2003.pdf
Islamzade, Arif. Sumgayit: Soviet’s Pride, Azerbaijan’s Hell. Autumn 1994.
